RESUMO Dois métodos multivariados foram adotados para classificar genótipos de algodoeiro tolerantes ao sal com base no crescimento e nas características fisiológicas. Os genótipos foram cultivados em casa de vegetação e submetidos a 45 dias de irrigação com água salina, a partir da fase V4. A irrigação foi feita com água salina com CEa de 6,0 dS m-1. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com fatorial, sendo nove cultivares, dois tratamentos (controle: 0,6 e 6,0 dS m-1) e quatro repetições. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto a variáveis de crescimento e fisiológicas. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de analises univariada e multivariada. Nesse último, os modelos não hierárquicos (componentes principais, CP) e hierárquico (UPGMA) foram usados para classificação das cultivares. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre as cultivares com base nas análises univariadas. As variáveis que diferiram estatisticamente foram usadas para as análises multivariadas. Quatro grupos foram identificados com a mesma composição nos métodos PC e UPGMA. Entre eles, um conteve as cultivares BRS Seridó, BRS 286, FMT 705 e BRS Rubi, que se mostraram tolerantes ao estresse salino imposto as plantas. Os dados de fotossíntese, transpiração e condutância estomática foram os mais contributivos para classificação das cultivares, pelo método das componentes principais.

ABSTRACT Two multivariate methods were adopted to classify salt-tolerant cotton genotypes based on their growth and physiological traits. The genotypes were cultivated in a greenhouse and subjected to 45 days of irrigation with saline water from the V4 phase onwards. Irrigation was performed with saline water with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 6.0 dS m-1. A factorial-randomized block design was adopted with nine cultivars, two treatments of ECw (0.6 as the control, and 6.0 dS m-1), and four replicates. Plants were evaluated for growth, gas exchange, and photosynthesis. The data were statistically analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods. For the latter, non-hierarchical (principal component, PC) and hierarchical (UPGMA) models were used for the classification of cultivars. Significant differences were found between cultivars based on univariate analyses, and the traits that differed statistically were used for multivariate analyses. Four groups were identified with the same composition in both the PC and UPGMA methods. Among them, one contained the cultivars BRS Seridó, BRS 286, FMT 705, and BRS Rubi, which were tolerant to salt stress imposed on the plants. Photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance data were the main contributors to the classification of cultivars using the principal component method.

ABSTRACT The drought stress is an important factor for crops in areas with low rainfall as in the semiarid regions and affects immediately the physiological processes and plant production. However, irrigation is an essential practice to minimize effects of drought stress since the appropriate management is done it can increase the farm income. This study aimed to analyze the photochemical and productive performance of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) hybrid ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo' irrigated in a Brazilian semiarid region. It was studied four water replacement rates (33, 66, 100 and 133% of ETo) at field conditions. A randomized block design was used with five replications and the fluorescence of chlorophyll a, yield and fruit quality were evaluated. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II has been changed along the day at high temperatures occurring evidential damage in PHS II. Water replacement between 100 and 133% of ETo (1032 mm year-1) promoted the best production rates and quality of the fruit, however the size of the fruit and bark thickness are reduced by over 100% ETo.

RESUMO O cultivo de gergelim vem se destacando devido ao alto teor nutricional de suas sementes, além de poder ser cultivado nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais como o Nordeste brasileiro, sendo necessária a identificação das alterações fisiológicas, bioquímicas e produtivas relacionadas com a tolerância ao estresse. Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento fisiológico, bioquímico e produtivo de genótipos de gergelim em função de diferentes taxas de reposições hídricas. O experimento foi realizado na Unidade Experimental da Embrapa Algodão, localizada no Município de Barbalha, CE, sob condições de campo. O delineamento adotado foi em blocos casualizados, com tratamentos em esquema fatorial (4 × 6), correspondendo a quatro lâminas de irrigação (40; 70; 100 e 130% da ETo) e seis genótipos de gergelim (G1 = T3-EGSGO3; G2 = T7-EGSGO7; G3 = T5-EGSGO5; G4 = T2-EGSGO2; G5 = T6-EGSGO6; G6 = T4-EGSG04) com três repetições. Foram coletados dados correspondentes às variáveis: área foliar, pigmentos fotossintéticos, teor de relativo de água na folha, extravasamento de eletrólitos, catalase, peroxidase, produtividade e teor de óleo. Os genótipos de gergelim não diferiram estatisticamente, no entanto houve diferenças entre as reposições hídricas com um aumento no crescimento e consequentemente, na produção, atividade enzimática, teor de óleo e o potencial máximo da produção com a aplicação de lâminas entre 75 e 90% da ETo. O conteúdo de clorofila a e b, total e carotenoides foram incrementados com a aplicação de 80% da ETo.

ABSTRACT The sesame crop has stood out due to the high nutritional content of its seeds, in addition to being able to be cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions such as Northeast Brazil. Thus, it is necessary to identify the physiological, biochemical and productive changes related to the tolerance to stress. Objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and productive aspects of sesame genotypes as a function of different rates of water replenishment. The experiment was carried out at the Embrapa Cotton Experimental Unit, located in the municipality of Barbalha-CE, Brazil, under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with treatments in a factorial scheme (4 × 6), corresponding to four irrigation depths (40, 70, 100 and 130% ETo) and six sesame genotypes (G1 = T3-EGSGO3; G2 = T7-EGSGO7; G3 = T5-EGSGO5; G4 = T2-EGSGO2; G5 = T6-EGSGO6; G6 = T4-EGSG04), with three replicates. Data corresponding to the following variables were collected: leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content in leaf, electrolyte leakage, catalase, peroxidase, yield and oil content. The genotypes did not differ statistically and there were differences in the variables between the water replacement rates. Increments in growth and, consequently, in production, enzymatic activity, oil content and maximum production potential were observed with water depths between 75 and 90% ETo. Contents of chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, were increased with the application of 80% ETo.

RESUMO Com objetivo de avaliar a eficiência fotossintética, as trocas gasosas e a produção da mamoneira consorciada com amendoinzeiro em condições do Semiárido brasileiro, realizou-se um estudo em condições de campo com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, organizados no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, constituídos do cultivo da mamoneira ‘BRS Energia’ em sistema de monocultivo e consorciada com amendoim ‘BR 1’. Um tratamento foi formado pela mamona em monocultura e os demais pelo consórcio de mamona e amendoim, diferindo a época de estabelecimento da consorciação, ou seja, em diferentes épocas de semeadura do amendoim (0, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias após a mamona). A eficiência fotossintética e de carboxilação da mamoneira foi incrementada no consórcio com 25 dias de intervalo entre as semeaduras. O amendoim semeado entre 0 e 10 dias no consórcio afetou a eficiência fotoquímica da mamona, o que resultou em redução dos componentes produtivos. Os maiores intervalos de semeadura do amendoim ‘BR-1’, em relação à cultura principal, possibilitam alcançar melhores rendimentos de grãos de mamona no sistema consorciado.

ABSTRACT To evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency, gas exchange and yield of castor bean intercropped with peanut under Brazilian semiarid conditions, a field experiment was set up with six treatments and four replicates arranged in a randomized block design. The experiment consisted of the cultivation of castor bean ‘BRS Energia’ in a monocrop system and intercropped with peanut ‘BR 1’. One treatment was formed by monocropped castor bean and the others by the castor bean intercropped with peanut with different intercrop establishment times, i.e. peanut sowing times (0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after castor bean sowing). The castor bean photosynthetic and carboxylation efficiencies were higher in the intercrop system with a 25-day interval between sowings. Peanut sowing at 0 to 10 days after castor bean sowing in the intercropped system affected the photochemical efficiency of the latter, which resulted in its yield reduction. Larger intervals between sowing of peanut ‘BR-1’ and of the main crop increased castor bean yield in the intercrop system.

RESUMOA berinjela tem grande importância nutricional e socioeconômica, sendo cultivada e comercializada em vários países, principalmente em ambiente protegido; sua produção, assim como a de inúmeros cultivos agrícolas, é dependente de fatores como água, nutrientes e luz; propôs-se, assim, com este trabalho, avaliar as trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a e temperatura foliar de berinjela cultivada em ambiente protegido em diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O estudo foi realizado em casa de vegetação utilizando-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e oito repetições, totalizando 40 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos constaram de cinco lâminas de irrigação: 33, 66, 100, 133 e 166% da ETc, as quais corresponderam a 133, 266, 403, 536, 669 mm planta-1 ciclo-1, respectivamente. A taxa fotossintética das plantas de berinjela aumenta com o acréscimo da reposição hídrica. Os valores mais expressivos de trocas gasosas (A, E, gs, Ci, EiUA e EiC) nas plantas de berinjela, de forma geral, foram observados quando se utilizaram, na irrigação, lâminas estimadas entre 123,52 e 166% da ETc. A fluorescência da clorofila aumentou com o aumento das lâminas de irrigação e a temperatura foliar diminuiu em função do aumento da água.

ABSTRACTEggplant has a nutritional, social and economic importance in the world, being grown and marketed in several countries, normally in protected environment. Its production, as a lot of crops, is dependent on factors such as water, light and nutrients. Thus, it was proposed with this study to evaluate leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf temperature in eggplant grown in greenhouse under different irrigations levels. The study was accomplished in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and eight replications, totaling 40 experimental units. The treatments were consisted of five irrigation depths: 33, 66, 100, 133 and 166% of ETc, which amounted to 133, 266, 403, 536, 669 mm cycle-1, respectively. Photosynthetic rate of eggplant increases with the addition of water depth. The higher values of gas exchange (A, E, gs, Ci, EiUA e EiC) in eggplants, in general, were observed in irrigation, water depths estimated between 123,52 and 166% ETc were used. The chlorophyll fluorescence increased with increasing water depths and leaf temperature decreased with the increase in water depth.